Top 10 Coldest Countries in the World
S.No. |
Coldest Countries |
Lowest Temperature Ever Recorded |
|
1 |
Russia |
-67.7 °C (-89.86 °F) |
|
2 |
Greenland |
-66.1 °C (-87.0 °F) |
|
3 |
Canada |
-63.0 °C (-81.4 °F) |
|
4 |
USA |
-62.2 °C (-80 °F) |
|
5 |
China |
-58 °C (-72 °F) |
|
6 |
Mongolia |
-55.3 °C (-67.5 °F) |
|
7 |
Kyrgyzstan |
-53.6 °C (-64.5 °F) |
|
8 |
Sweden |
-53.0 °C (-63.4 °F) |
|
9 |
Finland |
-51.5 °C (-60.7 °F) |
|
10 |
Norway |
-51.2 °C (-60.16 °F) |
Coldest Countries in the World
The coldest countries in the world are renowned for their extreme cold temperatures and harsh winter climates. These nations, often situated close to the Earth’s polar regions, experience frigid conditions that challenge both residents and visitors alike. Inhabitants of these countries have adapted to the extreme cold, making it a unique way of life. From Russia, which holds the title of the coldest country, to Greenland, Canada, and several others, these nations boast record-low temperatures that can plunge well below freezing. Despite the challenges posed by their icy environments, these countries offer unique experiences and landscapes for those willing to brave the cold.
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1. Russia
Russia, the coldest country in the world, boasts an unparalleled legacy of extreme cold temperatures. In February 1933, the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, a bone-chilling -67.7°C (-89.86°F), was documented in Oymyakon, a remote area located in the Sakha Republic. Known as “the pole of cold,” Oymyakon is home to only about 500-900 permanent residents and is one of the world’s coldest permanently inhabited settlements. The winters in Oymyakon are brutally cold, making it challenging to use gadgets, as batteries often freeze. Due to the harsh conditions, residents rely heavily on meat consumption since crops struggle to grow in the frozen ground. Russia’s vast expanse includes regions with incredibly cold temperatures, contributing to its reputation as the coldest country on Earth.
2. Greenland
Greenland, the world’s second-coldest country, is a paradox, given its name might evoke images of lush green landscapes. However, around 80% of Greenland is covered by ice caps and glaciers. In 1954, Greenland experienced a bone-chilling temperature of -66.1°C (-87.0°F), solidifying its status as one of the coldest countries globally. As of 2022-2023, Greenland has an estimated population of approximately 56,948 thousand people. Despite the extreme cold, Greenland’s residents have adapted to their icy environment. The country’s unique geographical features, such as towering icebergs and stunning Arctic scenery, make it a place of incredible natural beauty, attracting adventurers and researchers from around the world who are eager to experience its cold, pristine wilderness.
3. Canada
Canada, often referred to as the Great White North, is one of the coldest countries in the world, known for its stunning natural landscapes and diverse climate zones. Its vast territory spans from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and it shares its northern border with the Arctic Ocean. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Canada was an astonishing -63.0°C (-81.4°F) in Snag, Yukon, in 1947. Despite its bone-chilling winters, Canada is home to a population of around 38 million people, making it one of the most sparsely populated countries globally. The country’s northern regions, such as the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, experience extreme cold and minimal daylight during the winter months, while southern cities like Toronto and Vancouver enjoy milder winter climates.
Canada’s ability to adapt to its cold climate is evident in its infrastructure and culture. Many Canadian homes are equipped with advanced heating systems to combat the cold, and winter sports like ice hockey and skiing are deeply ingrained in the national culture. Canadians also celebrate winter festivals and events, such as the Quebec Winter Carnival and the Winterlude festival in Ottawa, showcasing their resilience and creativity in embracing the cold. The country’s natural beauty shines in the winter, with frozen lakes, snow-covered forests, and the mesmerizing Northern Lights making it a haven for winter enthusiasts and nature lovers.
4. USA
The United States of America, despite being known for its diverse climates, has its share of cold regions, particularly in the northern states and Alaska. The lowest temperature ever recorded in the USA was an astonishing -62.2°C (-80°F) on January 23, 1971, at Prospect Creek Camp near the Arctic Circle in Alaska. Alaska, the largest state in the USA, is famous for its harsh winters and stunning icy landscapes. While the contiguous states experience milder winters in the south and harsher winters in the north, regions like the Great Lakes and the northern Midwest are susceptible to extreme cold spells and heavy snowfall during the winter months.
Despite its frigid winters, the USA offers a wide range of activities and amenities to cope with the cold. From heated doorways in luxury hotels to well-maintained winter sports resorts in states like Colorado and Vermont, there are plenty of options for those seeking both comfort and adventure in the cold. Additionally, the USA’s national parks, such as Yellowstone and Denali, offer unique winter experiences, including wildlife watching and cross-country skiing, making it a diverse destination for cold-weather enthusiasts
5. China
China, officially known as the People’s Republic of China, is the world’s most populous country and also ranks among the coldest nations due to its vast geographical diversity. Its coldest regions are found in the northern part of the country, particularly in Inner Mongolia and areas bordering Russia. The lowest temperature ever recorded in China was a bone-chilling -58 °C (-72 °F) on December 31, 2009, in Genhe, Inner Mongolia. These extreme cold temperatures are a result of China’s proximity to Siberia and the Siberian High, a large, cold air mass that dominates during the winter months. Despite the severe cold, China’s diverse culture and landscape offer a unique blend of traditions and breathtaking snowy vistas, making it a fascinating destination for those seeking cold-weather adventures.
6. Mongolia
Mongolia, located in Eastern Asia and bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, is another country known for its bitterly cold winters. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Mongolia was an astonishing -55.3 °C (-67.5 °F) in Züüngovi, Uvs Province, in December 1976. Mongolia’s unique geography, characterized by vast steppes, deserts, and mountains, contributes to its extreme temperature fluctuations. Despite these challenging conditions, Mongolia is known for its nomadic way of life, with many of its people continuing to practice traditional herding and living in portable felt-covered tents called “ger” or “yurts.” The Mongolian culture is rich and deeply connected to their environment, with winter festivals celebrating the freezing beauty of the region.
7. Kyrgyzstan
Officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country famous for its stunning mountainous terrain. While it may not be as well-known for extreme cold as some other nations on this list, it still experiences harsh winter temperatures. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Kyrgyzstan was -53.6 °C (-64.5 °F). Nestled among towering peaks and with a varied landscape that includes alpine lakes and glaciers, Kyrgyzstan’s weather can vary dramatically based on altitude and location. Winters in the mountainous regions are particularly cold, but the country’s unique blend of cultures and natural beauty make it a captivating destination for those willing to embrace its chilly climate.
8. Sweden
Sweden, located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe, is known for its stunning natural beauty and a rich cultural heritage. It’s one of the coldest countries in the world, with winters characterized by long periods of sub-zero temperatures. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Sweden was -53.0 °C (-63.4 °F) in Malgovik, Västerbotten County, in December 1941. Sweden is a land of contrasts, with more than half of its territory covered in forests, and its winters are typically snowy and dry.
Despite the cold climate, Sweden has a high standard of living and is known for its efficient welfare system and quality healthcare. The country is famous for its design, music, and literature, with internationally renowned figures like ABBA, Ingmar Bergman, and Alfred Nobel. The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, often grace the skies in the northern parts of Sweden, providing a breathtaking natural spectacle. In addition to its cultural contributions, Sweden offers outdoor enthusiasts opportunities for activities such as skiing, ice skating, and dog sledding, making it a unique destination for those seeking adventure in a cold climate.
9. Finland
Finland, situated in Northern Europe and bordered by Sweden, Norway, and Russia, is the ninth coldest country in the world. Finland experiences one of the world’s longest winter seasons, lasting around 100 days in the southwest and up to 200 days in northern Lapland. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Finland was -51.5 °C (-60.7 °F), which emphasizes the country’s chilly climate. In the north of Finland, the stunning natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights often graces the skies, offering a spectacular light show.
Finland is known for its unique cultural traditions, including the practice of “sisu,” a term that represents resilience and determination in the face of adversity. The country boasts a high standard of education and is famous for its thriving design and technology industries, with companies like Nokia originating from Finland. Additionally, Finland’s vast wilderness areas provide opportunities for activities such as cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, and ice fishing, making it a haven for outdoor enthusiasts who appreciate the beauty of a cold, snowy landscape.
10. Norway
Norway, a Nordic country in Northern Europe, ranks as the tenth coldest country in the world. It is renowned for its breathtaking fjords, pristine landscapes, and natural beauty. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Norway was -51.2 °C (-60.16 °F) in Karasjok city. Norway’s northern regions, including Finnmark, experience some of the most extreme cold temperatures in the country. Despite the cold, Norway is also known for its stunning Northern Lights displays, making it a prime destination for aurora enthusiasts.
Norway’s natural landscapes offer numerous opportunities for outdoor activities, including hiking, skiing, and dog sledding. The country has a strong economy, with a high standard of living and excellent healthcare and education systems. Additionally, Norway is famous for its deep-rooted maritime traditions and is home to one of the world’s most scenic coastal drives, the Atlantic Road. With a rich cultural heritage, picturesque landscapes, and a strong economy, Norway combines the beauty of a cold climate with modern comforts and outdoor adventures.
How are These Countries Ranked in Terms of Cold Temperatures?
The ranking of countries in terms of cold temperatures is determined by the lowest temperatures ever recorded in each nation. The colder the recorded temperature, the higher the ranking a country receives in the list of coldest countries in the world. This ranking is based on historical weather data and records from various meteorological stations and locations within these countries. Here’s a general overview of how these rankings are established:
1. Recording Extreme Lows: Meteorological stations across the world continuously monitor and record temperature data. The lowest recorded temperatures in each country, often during the winter months, are crucial for determining their ranking in terms of cold temperatures.
2. Comparing Lowest Recorded Temperatures: Once the lowest temperatures are identified, countries are compared based on these extreme lows. The country with the lowest recorded temperature takes the top spot in the rankings.
3. Recognition: These rankings are globally recognized and are used to identify which countries experience the most extreme cold. They serve as valuable information for researchers, travelers, and those interested in understanding the world’s climate diversity.
4. Variability Across Regions: It’s important to note that within these cold countries, there can be significant regional temperature variations. Some areas, especially those close to the polar regions, might experience even colder temperatures than the national average.
5. Factors Influencing Rankings: Factors contributing to extreme cold temperatures in these countries include their proximity to the North or South Poles, high altitudes, geographical features such as ice caps and glaciers, and climatic conditions that create frigid winters.
These rankings highlight the remarkable diversity of climates around the world, from the extreme cold of Russia to the icy landscapes of Greenland, and serve as a testament to the adaptability of people who have made these chilly regions their home.
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